Foam in a Pond

This question has two very good answers:

Q. This is the second year in which my water garden is experiencing foam on its surface. There is no foam in the waterfalls area nor the stream that runs down to the main pond. The foam is only in the main pond. I have tried anti-foam products, but they are short-lived and the foam returns. Why am I getting the foam? How can I get rid of it?
-South Windsor, Connecticut

A. There are multiple factors that could be playing a role with the foam in your pond.

This is a common problem in ponds that have excess organic matter building up in the water. This excess organic matter can be caused by breakdown of debris in the bottom of the pond or an excess amount of fish in the pond.

Things that you should look for would be excess debris such as leaves, sludge, fish waste, or algae building up in the bottom of the pond. If this is the case you can use a product called Sludge Away, which is made by Microbe-Lift. This product will break down the debris at the bottom of the pond, and eliminate the problem that you are having with the foam.

The other thing that you should check is the amount of fish that you have in the pond. Excess fish means excess fish waste, which can also be a cause of foam forming in the pond. In order to figure out if you have too many fish you need to know how many gallons of pond water that you have. The equation that you need to use is:

Avg. Length x Avg. Width x Avg. Depth x 7.5 = Gallons

You should have no more than one inch of fish size per ten gallons of water. So if you have a one hundred gallon pond that means you can have ten inch of fish in the pond. Adding dechlorinator to the pond will resolve the foaming issue due to too many fish in the pond; however, this is only a temporary solution to the problem.

These are typically the two most common causes of foam on the waters surface. The only other possibility is that your filter is undersized for the pond volume. If this is the case you are going to want to either add an additional filter, or replace the one that you have with a larger one.

-Brian Beenes, Sid’s Home & Garden Showplace
Palos Hills & Bolingbrook, Illinois

And another answer!
A. Do you have fish? If yes, the foam could be created by the fish mating. The male fish release proteins when they mate and undissolved protein in your pond will cause foaming. If this is the case, the problem should be short-lived. Also, after you apply an anti-foam product such as Aquascape’s EcoFoam Away, follow it up with a heavy dose of a liquid bacteria like AquaClearer Extreme Liquid bacteria.

Jennifer Zuri
Aquascape, Inc.
www.aquascapeinc.com

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White Stuff on Rosemary

Q. I live in the desert southwest and my rosemary plants have a white liquid substance on them. It looks like cotton, but it is liquid. What can I do?
-Surprise, Arizona

A. It sounds like Spittlebug on your rosemary, but being from the Mid-West I was not sure what it’s cycle was in the desert area. I found the website below that shows pictures that you can compare. Check with your local garden center for control in your area.

http://cals.arizona.edu/maricopa/garden/html/t-tips/bugs/spittle.htm

Philip Schaafsma Sr., Sid’s Home & Garden Showplace
Palos Hills & Bolingbrook, Illinois

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Bunnies Eating Flowers

Q. I believe a bunny is eating my flowering annuals. Do they even eat flowers? What can I do?
-Needham, Massachusetts

A. Bunnies have become a huge problem here on Cape Cod in the past two years. Around here, bunnies are eating just about everything, even things they are not supposed to like! Young bunnies will try anything, annual flowers included. Our customers have had great luck this year with Rabbit Scram, which is an organic granular product made from dried blood, garlic, white pepper and cloves. It is sprinkled on the ground in an 18″ wide strip either around an individual plant or an entire garden area. Most people find that using a combination of different products works best … switch up what you use every couple of weeks so they don’t get used to one thing.
Good luck!

-Wendy Hammond, Pine Tree Nursery & Landscaping
South Chatham, Massachusetts

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Tomato Plants Turning White

Q. I planted tomato plants in an old barn area that has not been used for horses or chickens or any animals in about 20 years. Now my tomato plants that I planted one week ago are turning white, not yellow like transplant shock but white. Do you know why?
-Lancaster, New York

A. Did you set the plants outside in the shade for a few days to get them acclimated to being outside? If not, my guess is that they have sun scorch. They should get used to the sun in a few days and put out new leaves.

If this doesn’t work, I would suggest getting the soil tested. It may show an excess of some element that is affecting the plants.

In fact, if you haven’t done a soil test, you should. There is a good chance there could be lead in the soil…paint used before 1978 contained lead so the soil around the barn could have been contaminated. (Don’t think that would cause the white leaves though.)
It would be great to hear how things work out.
-Barbara Emerson, Have Green Thumb
Manchester, Massachusetts

And a second answer!

A. The problem you are having on your tomatoes is probably wind or sunburn. We have had a lot of the same problem here at our garden center. When the plants are newly transplanted, the root system cannot always keep up with the leaves losing moisture to the dry winds we have had here in the Northeast. The result is the leaves turn white. The plants may recover from this if you can give them some fertilizer. In the future, make sure that the plants are put into the garden on a cloudy day. It makes it a bit easier on the plants to have a day or so to develop some roots before being exposed to sunshine. You can also create a windbreak by placing a piece of cardboard into the soil. It should be placed in the soil so that it blocks the wind that would be hitting the plant. Hope this helps you out.
-Tim Lamprey, Harbor Garden Center
Salisbury, Massachusetts

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Re-Leveling a Pond

Q. I have installed a 160-gallon rigid pond (with four shelves) in my back yard. Once I filled it with water I realized that the level, which I thought was OK is about six inches off. What is the best way to re-level this pond? Any ideas welcome.
-Sound Beach, New York

A. You will have to remove the pond and level the base. Be sure to use a builder’s level on the soil and also across two directions of the pond when you set it in place. Also be sure to compact the soil so it does not settle with the weight of the water.

Good luck!
-Dan Eskelson, Clearwater Landscapes
Priest River, Idaho

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Zucchini Blossoms Falling Off

Q. I am having trouble with something sniping the blooms off of my zucchini. Nothing on the plant is chewed except for the blooms. I have sprayed insect spray on the ground and on plant for grubs,etc. It worked for a day. That evening there is a big bloom ready to put on a zucchini, then the next morning I go out and it is cut off straight as an arrow. I now have a big zucchini plant with no blooms. What could be causing this? We keep thinking maybe birds, but it’s cut off straight and the bloom will be laying on the ground after its cut off. Nothing is eating the bloom, just cutting it off. I am stunned and dont know what to do. Please help with your advice on what it can be and how to resolve.
-Wilburton, Oklahoma

A. The “blossom drop” you have been noticing is a natural process that is affected by pollination activity and weather conditions. Male blossoms, the ones with no little immature zucchini at the base, will open, release their pollen, and drop off. This usually happens early in the season before female flowers are forming in abundance. If it is the male blossoms that are dropping there is nothing to worry about.

On the other hand, female flowers will drop if they are not adequately pollinated. Since it is the female flowers that will form fruit, you don’t want them falling off! The reasons they may drop are lack of pollinators and/or humid and rainy weather which causes the pollen to clump rather than spread. One solution for this problem is to “be the bee” a.k.a hand-pollinate. Using a paint brush or Q-Tip, take pollen from two different male flowers from two different plants. Swab the pollen in the female flower. The pollinated female flower will hang on and develop fruit. This is the same process we use for saving seeds from squash. So relax, have fun, and when necessary, be the bee!

Ken Greene, Hudson Valley Seed Library
www.seedlibrary.org

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Clipped Tomato Leaves

Q. Something is bothering my newly planted tomato plants. I keep finding leaves that have been cleanly clipped from the stem lying on the soil surface. I looked for horn worms, but the plants are so small I don’t think this is the problem. Any ideas on possible causes and solutions? Thank you.
-Pueblo, Colorado

A. If the stem is being clipped, it’s most likely cutworms–they are most active this time of year and love to form a ring around small transplants and fell them like trees. They can be easily thwarted by inserting two toothpicks vertically into the soil along the sides of the plants’ stem. However, from your description it sounds more like the leaves are being clipped while the stem remains. I’m afraid I don’t know what might be doing that. It’s never something I’ve personally encountered; it’s possible it’s a regional problem that we don’t face in the Northeast. I’d check with your local extension office and see if they can advise.

Luckily, tomatoes are really resilient, so even if you can’t figure out what the problem is, you’ll probably end up with healthy mature plants–as long as they can barrel through this stress. (Here the most common stress on young plants is flea beetles; within a few weeks, the plants will be so robust that you’d never guess they were once being munched so badly…)
Good luck!

-Doug Muller, Hudson Valley Seed Library
Accord, NY
www.seedlibrary.org

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Too Late for Asparagus?

Q. Is it too late to plant asparagus in Western MA? What is a good, disease-resistant and productive variety for this region? And where can I get them in June? Just had a trench dug…. Thanks!
-Tyringham, Massachusetts

A. It’s not too late to plant asparagus if you can still get plants. The most disease resistant varieties are the “Jersey” series. You can buy them here, but early in the spring only: www.jerseyasparagus.com/.
-Denny Blew, BlewLabel Perennials
Bridgeton, New Jersey

And another answer!
A. It’s not too late to plant asparagus anywhere in the Northeast right now. Like most perennial crops, as long as they’re well established before winter, they will be fine. (However, the smaller they are into winter, the less likely you’ll have a crop large enough from which to glean lightly in your second year. By years three and four, you’ll be fine, though.) You’ll probably have to do a little hunting online to find a company that can send you crowns this time of year; they’re mainly sent in early spring.
Good luck!

Doug Muller, Hudson Valley Seed Library
Accord, NY
www.seedlibrary.org

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Topsy Turvy Tomato Containers

Q. I have two tomato plants that I placed in Topsy Turvy planters. I mixed a “garden soil” with some aged horse manure into the planters. The plants are growing fine but wherever there is a flower bud, the little stem turns yellow and the bud falls off. What is happening? And what do I need to do to save my tomato plants and get some tomatoes?
-Chesapeake, Virginia

A. It may just be that it is doing a natural thing, as once the flower sets the fruit, the flower withers and dies. On the other hand, it might be “blossom drop,” a problem caused by conditions such as temperatures above 85F and below 55F. It can also be caused by stresses as result of too much nutrition, over-watering, under-watering and so on. Chances are, as the spring weather improves, so will the set on your tomatoes.
-Denny Blew, BlewLabel Perennials
Bridgeton, New Jersey

Follow-Up Q.: I think my tomatoes have “blossom drop” because it isn’t the normal setting of fruit that’s happening. It’s difficult to know how much water to give them because they’re in these TopsyTturvy planters. I may have over fertilized them. Someone told me to take some of the potting soil and manure out of the planters and put in some lime. What do you think?

A. I have one of those topsy tomato things and I’m not enchanted by it. At this point, you could damage the plant by removing soil and disturbing the roots. There’s a blossom set spray you can find at the garden store that might help. Next year, use a straight potting mix, add a tablespoon or two of limestone (tomatoes like lime to a degree), then feed with a “balanced” fertilizer (balanced meaning the same quantities each of N-P-K, in other words 5-5-5, 7-7-7, 10-10-10 and so on). If you can’t find a balanced one, get one that’s close to it. Most plants want a heavy percentage of nitrogen, but tomatoes don’t.
-Denny Blew, BlewLabel Perennials
Bridgeton, New Jersey

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Sweet Gum Tree Problems

Q. I have a sweet gum tree in my back yard that has always been beautiful and full. This year it has been slower to leaf out and is not very full. There were a number of dead branches that started with buds early in the spring and then died. The branches are deformed. The tree is alive and more full at the top and sparse at the bottom. I am concerned about disease or maybe ice damage.
-Mahoment, Illinois

Sweet Gum Tree

A. I looked at your pictures and would suggest the following.
-Look carefully at the trunk of the tree near where the bird feeder/house is hanging and see if those are holes in the trunk of the tree. Is there any sap coming out. If there are holes in the tree it could be a sign of a borer insect in the trunk. In that case you need to treat the tree with a product containing Imidacloprid. This is available as Fertilome Systemic Insect Drench or Bayer Tree and Shrub Insect Control.
-If there are no holes in the trunk of the tree it could just be winter die back. In Northern Illinois we had a hard winter with quite a lot of die back. In the spring the new growth starts to grow from stored up energy in the branches but is not sustained by the roots and the branches will wither and die. This is what it looks like to me. Trim off all the dead branches, if you have not fertilized the tree yet this spring do it now and again in the early fall. Hopefully this will answer your question.

-Philip Schaafsma Sr.
Sid’s Greenhouses and Garden Center – Palos Hills, IL
Sid’s Home & Garden Showplace – Bolingbrook, IL
www.sidsonline.com

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Posted in plant maintenance, trees | Tagged | 6 Comments